外语专业毕业论文范文 外语专业毕业生语言特长和就业方向的调整论文

外语专业毕业论文范文　　下面是的外语专业毕业论文，欢送阅读!　　OnAnti-GothicisminNorthangerAbbey　　NorthangerAbbeyoneofJaneAusten’sfamousworksmainlytellsthestoryofaninnocentgirlaGothicnovelfanwhotreatsherselfastheheroineofaGothicnovelandmakesmanyridiculousadventuresbytakingGothicstoriesasrealhappeningsbutfinallylearnstodistinguishbetweentheimaginarylifeinnovelsandthereallifeofherown.ThenovelcriticizestheridiculousnessandmeaninglessnessofGothicnovelsinasatiricalway.ThethesisanalyzesAusten’sparodyofGothicplotcharacterizationandtheheroine’sGothicadventuresinNorthangerAbbeyandarguesthattheworkrevealsheranti-GothicismthroughaparisonwiththetypicalfeaturesofprevailingGothicnovelsinherage.　　JaneAusten1775~1817wholivedattheturnofthe18thand19thcenturyisthemostdistinguishedaswellasthemostwidelyreadfemalenovelistinBritishliterature.ShewasbornonDecember161775atSteventonrectoryinHampshireEnglandanddiedinWinchesteronJuly181817andwasburiedinWinchesterCathedral.Austenlivesinalargefamilywithsixbrothersandonesister.HerfatherGeorgeAustenwasarectorformuchofhislife.HersisterCassandraElizabethwasherbestfriend.Shewaseducatedprimarilybyherfatherandolderbrothersandherownreadingalsohelpedalotwithherwriting.DuringAusten’seducationandwritinglifeherfatherwasthemostimportantguideforhenotonlyprovidedherwithawell-stockedfamilylibrarybutalsosupportedherwritingwithmucheffort.Hehadcreatedademocraticandeasyintellectualatmosphereathome.Theyoftentalkedaboutdifferentpoliticalorsocialideasandanypersonalopinionswouldbeaeptedanddiscussed.JaneAustenbegantowritewhenshewasonlyaboutthirteenandtheeverlastingsupportofherfamilywascrucialtoherdevelopmentasaprofessionalwriter.　　Austen’spersonalexperienceshaveagreatinfluenceonherwriting.“Ofeventsherlifewassingularlybarren:fewchangesandnogreatcrisisevenbrokethesmoothcurrentofitscourse”James

11.Austen’sworksareusuallyconfinedtoalimitedcircle.InalettertohernephewEdwardAustenmadementsonherownworkas“[h]owcouldIpossiblyjointhemontothelittlebitofIvoryonwhichIworkwithsofineaBrushasproduceslittleeffectaftermuchlabor”Lefroy

160.LiuBingshanappraisedthat“[t]heparisonistrue.Theivorysurfaceissmallenoughbutthewomanwhomadedrawingsofhumanlifeonitisarealartist”

309.SomecriticsauseJaneAustenofwritingwithanarrowvisionandthathernovelsareallaboutlovemarriagemoneyandrichrelationsbutAusten’sworksshowtheirvaluesonreflectingthesocialrealitiesofherday.AsZhangDingquanandWuGangmentintheirbookthat“her[JaneAusten’s]uniquesensitivitytohumanemotionshercarefulobservation…madeheroneofthefinestnovelistsoftheage”

202.　　Austenwrotesixpletenovelsduringherliterarycareer.Theyare:SenseandSensibility1811;PrideandPrejudice1813;MansfieldPark1814;Emma1816;NorthangerAbbey1818;andPersuasion

1818.Herliteraryworkshavebeenattractingmoreandmorereadersfromhomeandabroadsincetheirpublication.JaneAustenisconsideredas“ageniusthatappealstoanygeneration”Qiaoiv.TheBritishfemalewriterVirginiaWoolfsaidthat“[o]fallgreatnovelistsJaneAustenisthemostdifficulttocatchintheactofgreatness”Zhu

5.　　TheworkdiscussedinthisthesisisNorthangerAbbeywhichtellsastoryofthenaiveprotagonistwithaveryover-activeimaginationCatherineMorlandaGothicnovelaficionadowhotreatsherselfastheheroineofaGothicnoveltakesstoriesinGothicnovelsashappenedinherreallifeandmakesmanyridiculousadventuresbutfinallylearnstodistinguishbetweentheimaginarylifeinGothicnovelsandherownordinarylifesituations.AlthoughNorthangerAbbeywasthefirsttobepletedbyJaneAustenithadneitherbeengivenenoughattentionnorbeenadequatelystudiedforsomeconsiderabletimeinthepast.InfactNorthangerAbbeyhasitsuniqueresearchvalueparticularlytheauthor’sattitudetowardsGothicnovelswhichhasarousedmoreandmorecriticalattentionanddebatesinrecentyearsseeChapterOne.　　ThisthesisarguesthatNorthangerAbbeyshowsJaneAusten’santi-GothicismthroughhersatiricalcriticismoftheprevailingGothicnovelsinhertimes.InadditiontoIntroductionandConclusionthethesisconsistsofthreechapters.ThefirstchapterbrieflyintroducesGothicnovelsillustratesdifferentviewpointsontherelationshipbetweenNorthangerAbbeyandGothicnovelsasdiscussedbysomecriticsandscholars.ThesecondchapteranalysesJaneAusten’sparodicanti-GothicismbyparingtheplotarrangementandcharacterizationofthenovelwiththatofGothicnovels.ThethirdchapterdiscussesJaneAusten’scriticismofGothicnovelsthroughfocusingonCatherine’sridiculousadventures.　　GothicNovelsandNorthangerAbbey　　NorthangerAbbeyisaparodyofGothicnovels.ThefirstpartofthischapterbrieflyintroducestheorigindevelopmentandtypicalfeaturesofGothicnovels;thesecondpartmainlyillustratesdifferentviewpointsonAusten’sattitudetowardsGothicnovels.　　I.OriginandDevelopmentofGothicNovels　　Theword“Goth”ingfromthenameofanancienttribeinEuropeanditsderivativeform“Gothic”whichremindspeopleofmysticismterroranddarkwerefrequentlyusedtodescribemedievalthingsinthe18thcentury.Aordingtoahighly-populardictionarytheword“Gothic”means　　akindofarchitecturebuiltinthestylethatwaspopularinWesternEuropefromthe12thcenturytothe16thcenturiesandwhichhaspointedarcheswindowsandtallthinpillarsandanovelwritteninthestylepopularinthe18thand19thcenturieswhichdescribedromanticadventuresinmysteriousorfrighteningsurroundings.Hornby883　　Nowitgenerallyreferstoagenreofliteraturewhichis“fullofdepictsofmurdersandsupernaturalthingstothrillreaders”Han36binesbothhorrorandromanceand“dealswiththestrangemysteriousandsupernaturaldesignedtoinvokesuspenseandterrorinreaders”Zhao

283.　　FromtheabovequotesitisknownthatsomebasicelementsinGothicnovelsinclude:settinginacastlewhichoftencontainssecretpassagesandstaircasesdarkorhiddenrooms;anatmosphereofmysteryandsuspensethatarousesfearandterror;supernaturaleventssuchasghostsorunknowngiantsingtohumanlife;highandoverwroughtemotionlikeangersorrowespeciallyterrorfromwhichthecharacterssuffer;heroineindistresswhichappealstothesympathyofthereaders;andromancesuchaspowerfullovebetweentheheroineandthehero.　　ThefirstGothicnovelisTheCastleofOtranto:AGothicStorywrittenbytheEnglishauthorHoraceWalpole.Theworkisremarkablebecauseitisthefirstattempttofind“ataleofamusingfictionuponthebasisoftheancientromanceofchivalry”Walter115andit“start[s]afashionandset[s]anexampleforotherGothicnovelists”Zhang

5.Inadditionthenovelwas“anattempttoblendthetwokindsofromancetheancientandthemodern”Horace

19.HoraceWalpoleopensthedoorofGothicnovelsandalotofotherGothicnovelistsfollowsuit.AmongthemAnnRadcliffandMathewGregoryLewisaretwomostfamousonesfortheirrespectiveworkTheMysteriesofUdolphoandTheMonk.TheMysteriesofUdolpho1794throughwhichAnnRadcliffmadetheGothicnovelsociallyaeptablewasanunparalleledsuessatthattimeandwasalsofrequentlyreferredtobyJaneAusteninNorthangerAbbey.Inthemid-1790stheGothicnovelreachesitssummitandDavidPundermentsprobablyanexaggerationthat“thisbodyoffictionmaywellhaveestablishedthepopularityofthenovel-form”David

61.　　BesidesitspopularityamongthepublictheGothicnovelhasanotoriousfameforalongtimeandhasbeencriticizedascrudebymanycritics.IntheprefaceofLyricalBalladsWordsworthmentedonGothicnovelsas:　　Theinvaluableworksof…ShakespeareandMiltonaredrivenintoneglectbyfranticnovelssicklyandstupidGermanTragediesanddelugesofidleandextravagantstoriesinverse.WordsworthandColeridge248-249　　InspiteofcriticismfrommanyliteraryfiguresGothicnovelsstillattractedalotofreadersandtheGothicinfluencewasamazinglycontinuing.“IthasbeenestimatedthatthereadingpopulationofBritainincreasedfromoneandahalfmillionin1780tobetweensevenandeightmillionby1830”Lin24and“GothicnovelshaveexertedsignificantinfluenceontheliteratureoflatergenerationsandoneveryEuropeanliterature.TheyhaveexertedgreateffectontheAmericanliteratureHawthornandAllenPoeinparticular”Zhao

283.ItisnotsohardforustofindoutthatmanyworksofgreatliterarycelebritiesbearGothicelements.IntheRomanticperiodsomefamousworksare:PercyByssheShelley’sfirstpublishedworkZastrozzi1810waspublicly-knownasaGothicnovel;MaryShelley’sFrankensteinorTheModernPrometheus1818;Coleridge’sTheRimeoftheAncientMariner1798andChristabel1816;Keats’LaBelleDamesansMerci1819andIsabella1820;andTheVampyre1819byJohnWilliamPolidori.CharlotteBront’sJaneEyre1847andEmilyBront’sWutheringHeights1847arealsoacknowledgedasGothicnovelsaswellasElizabethGaskell’stales“TheDoomoftheGriffiths”1858“LoistheWitch”1861and“TheGreyWoman”

1861.CharlesDickensisanothermainstreamwritersheavilyinfluencedbyGothicnovels.InhisgreatworkssuchasOliverTwist1837-8BleakHouse1854GreatExpectations1861andTheMysteryofEdwinDrood1870wecaneasilyfeeltheGothicmoodandthemes.EdgarAllanPoewasaprominentandinnovativere-interpreterofGothicliteratureinthe19thcenturyAmericanliteraturewithhiswell-knownworksasTheFalloftheHouseofUsher1839“TheBlackCat”1843and“TheMurdersintheRueMorgue”

1841.　　II.Austen’sAttitudetowardsGothicNovels　　“TheexcessesstereotypesandfrequentabsurditiesofthetraditionalGothicmadeitrichterritoryforsatire”Skarda178-

179.AsitisuniversallyacknowledgedthemostfamousparodyofGothicnovelsisNorthangerAbbey.WeallsaythatNorthangerAbbeyisaparodyofGothicnovelsbutdisagreeonAusten’sattitudetowardsthem.SomecriticsholdthatNorthangerAbbeyoffersarefinementonratherthandenialoftheGothic:“GothicelementsinthenovelareemployedtoexpressAusten’sfeministideasratherthanmockthem”Chenii;“ThroughparodyAustenrevisesGothicnovelsinaicwayforthepurposeofnegotiationwithGothicnovelsaswellasinheritanceandpreservation”Zheng

89.HoweversomeothersarguethatAustenshowshersarcasmtowardsGothicnovelsandemphasizesreasonandrealism:“[NorthangerAbbey]alsosatirizedthesentimentalnovelsespeciallytheGothicnovelwhichwasverypopularatthattime”Yang66and“[the]mockofGothicnovelsrunsthroughthenovelfrombeginningtoend”Sun

36.　　NorthangerAbbeyexpressesAusten’ssarcasmonprevailingGothicnovelsespeciallyTheMysteriesofUdolphowhichhasbeenmentionedseveraltimesinthework.WithaclosereadingofNorthangerAbbeywecaneasilyfindtheGothiccrazesurroundingit.FirstofallNorthangerAbbeysharessimilarplotconstructionwiththeprevailingGothicnovels;secondlyitcontainsaparodiccharacterizationofGothicnovels;thirdlytheyalldescribethefemaleprotagonist’sadventuresandherloveromancewiththemaleprotagonisteventuallyobtained.AdditionallyJaneAustenadoptsanewtacticofwritingnovelsinNorthangerAbbeybyaddressingthereaderdirectly.Wecanfeelthesenseofsatireinreadingthework.ThefollowingchapterdealswithitsplotconstructionandcharacterizationtoshowJaneAusten’santi-Gothicism.　　ParodyofGothicPlotandCharacters　　InthischapterwemainlyexamineAusten’sparodyofGothicnovelsthroughparingtheplotconstructionandcharacterizationofNorthangerAbbeywiththatofGothicnovels.ThenovelseeminglyimitatestheconstructionofGothicnovelsbutitactuallysatirizestheirformatofdevelopingstoriesanddepictingcharacters.　　I.ParodyofGothicPlot　　ThewidelyspreadGothicnovelsthenweresharingalmostthesameformat.Anobleheroinewhoisverybeautifulandintelligentandlovesmusicanddrawingforsomereasonsleavesherownhometoapletelynewplaceusuallyahauntedcastlewheresheexperienceshorribleandscaringthingsorbeingtreatedunfairlyandcruelly.Butthereoftenappearsanunknownherowhosavestheheroineandchallengesthevillains.Theywouldbetogetherattheendofthestoryaftersomanyhardships.NorthangerAbbeyseeminglyfollowsthemonformat.TheheroineCatherineMorlandleavesherhometownforanewplaceBathandmeetswiththeheroHenryTilney.Afterundergoingsomeadventuresanddistressthelovedonesarefinallyreunitedandgetmarried.HoweverJaneAustenactuallystartsmakingasharpmockeryonGothicnovelsfromthebeginningofNorthangerAbbey.　　DifferentfromtheGothicheroineCatherineMorlandisaverymonEnglishgirlwhowasborninanordinaryfamilywithherfatherasaclergymanandhermotherawomanofplainsense.Sheneitherhadabeautifulfigurenorhighintelligence.InfactbeforesheturnedfifteenCatherinehad“athinawkwardfigureasallowskinwithoutcolourdarklankhairandstrongfeatures”.InsteadofmusicordrawingCatherinewasatomboyandwasveryfondofboys’playsespeciallycricketandlovedrollingdownthegreenslopeatthebackoftheirhouse.JudgingbythesedescriptionswecanseethatCatherine’ssituationinlifeherfamilyherownpersonalityanddispositionareallagainstarealheroineinGothicnovels:“NoonewhohadeverseenCatherineMorlandinherinfancywouldhavesupposedherborntobeaheroine”.ThroughthecharacterizationoftheheroineJaneAustenactuallycriticizesthegeneralexpectationsofawell-manneredgentleladyinGothicnovels.　　ThentheheroinebeginsheradventuretoBath.InGothicnovelstheheroine’sparentsshouldbeveryworriedandseverelyanxiousorintearswithsadnesswhensheisabouttoleavehome.NeverthelessCatherine’smotherwasnotlikethat:shejustremindedherdaughterofwrappingherselfwarmandtryingtokeepaountofthemoneyandherfatheronlyputtenguineasintoherhandandpromisedmorewhenshewantedit.DuringtheirjourneytoBathnothingalarmingourredtothemexceptMrs.Allen’shavingleftherclogsataninnwhichlateronwasprovedgroundless.“Neitherrobbersnortempestsbefriendedthemnoroneluckyoverturntointroducethemtothehero”.　　AustensatirizestheexpectedappearanceoftheherototheheroineinGothicfictions.HenryjustappearsonanordinaryballandisintroducedtoCatherinebythemasteroftheceremoniesinanormalwaywithoutanyairofromance.HenryatfirstwasevenpartlyjokingwithCatherineaboutthesameroutingthatyoungladiesshare.　　LaterCatherinemakesfriendswithIsabellaThorpewhoisanelegantandfineyoungwomanandtheybothconsiderthemselvesasoldfriends.ItisIsabellawhoopenstheGothicgateforCatherinebyintroducingtohertensofhorriblenovels;oneofthemisTheMysteriesofUdolpho.AfterreadingsomanyGothicnovelsCatherine’seagernesstovisitandexplorearealcastlegrowssevere.ThereforeshefeelsextremelyexcitedwhenGeneralTilneyHenry’sfatherinviteshertovisittheirhousetheNorthangerAbbey.　　Additionallythereisonepointweshouldpayattentiontoi.e.JaneAustenhasadoptedanewtacticofwritingbyaddressingthereadersdirectly.ForexampleattheendofchapterfivewhenIsabellaandCatherineshutthemselvesuptoreadnovelsthenarratorclearlysaysthat“[novels]haveaffordedmoreextensiveandunaffectedpleasurethanthoseofanyotherliterarycorporationintheworld”32;ch.5andthatnovelsareworks　　…inwhichthegreatestpowersofthemindaredisplayedinwhichthemostthoroughknowledgeofhumannaturethehappiestdelineationofitsvarietiestheliveliesteffusionsofwitandhumourareconveyedtotheworldinthebestchosenlanguage.　　HereAustengivesherowninsightofthevalueofnovelsandquestionsthesocialprejudiceagainstnovels.ThedirectnesswithwhichAustenaddressesthereadergivesauniqueinsightintoAusten’sthoughtsatthetime.AndherperspectivesonnovelsaresharplyincontrastwiththatofpopularwritersespeciallytheGothicnovelistsofthetime.　　II.ParodyofGothicCharacters　　AordingtothemonruleGothicnovelsnotonlyhaveasetformatinplotconstructionbutalsosharethesamecharacterization.BelowaresomeclassifiedmajorcharactersaroundtheheroineinGothicnovels:anauntoranotherolderwomanofenvy;aherowithanairofmystery;afemalefriendharborsevilintentions;avillainwhoisalwaysbotheringtheheroine;atyrantusuallycoldandvicioustreatstheheroinecruelly.WemayfindthosefamiliararchetypesinNorthangerAbbeyaswellbutwecanalsofindacleardifferencebetweenthem.　　Firstofallcharacterizationoftheheroine’sauntMrs.Allenisquitestriking:　　ItisnowexpedienttogivesomedescriptionofMrs.AllenthatthereadermaybeabletojudgeinwhatmannerheractionswillhereaftertendtopromotethegeneraldistressoftheworkandhowshewillprobablycontributetoreducepoorCatherinetoallthedesperatewretchednessofwhichalastvolumeiscapableCwhetherbyherimprudencevulgarityorjealousyCwhetherbyinterceptingherlettersruininghercharacterorturningheroutofdoors.11;ch.2　　InGothicnovelstheheroine’smisfortuneispartlycausedbyheraunt’seviljealousybutinNorthangerAbbeyMrs.Allenisnotthatevilorblood-heartedtoCatherine.Mrs.Allenmaytrulybealittlevulgarandcareless.Shehasagreatpassionindressand“hadamostharmlessdelightinbeingfine;andourheroine’sentréeintolifecouldnottakeplacetillafterthreeorfourdayshadbeenspentinlearningwhatwasmostlyworn”12;ch.

2.Wemaysaythatshedoesn’tfulfillherresponsibilitiesasaseniorpanionbycarefullyandwhole-heartedlylookingafterCatherinebutwecannotsaythatsheshowsanevilorjealousytowardsCatherine.ShehasnothingtodowithwhathappenedtoourheroinelateronandthisisentirelyironicwhenparedwiththeusualGothicaunt.　　InadditionHenryTilneyisdifferentfromtheheroinGothicnovels.GenerallyspeakingaGothicheromustatfirstbemysteriousabouthisidentityandlaterfoundborninthepurple.ButHenrywasnomysterysincehisappearanceinthenovel.AttheverynightwhentheymetMr.Allenlearntthathewas“aclergymanandofaveryrespectablefamilyinGloucestershire”23;ch.

3.MoreoverHenryTilneydidn’tfallinlovewithCatherineatthefirstsightnordidheeverholdastrongaffectionforherwhichwasreallyweirdforsupposedGothicreadersbecause“noyoungladycanbejustifiedinfallinginlovebeforethegentleman’sloveisdeclared”23;ch.

3.AsforwhyHenryfinallyfellinlovewithCatherinethenarratorsaid:　　Imustconfessthathisaffectionoriginatedinnothingbetterthangratitudeorinotherwordsthatapersuasionofherpartialityforhimhadbeentheonlycauseofgivingheraseriousthought.Itisanewcircumstanceinromance…anddreadfullyderogatoryofaheroine’sdignity.284;ch.30　　ApartfromMrs.AllenandHenryTilneytherearethreeothernegativeprotagonists:IsabellaThorpeJohnThorpeandGeneralTilney.AlthoughthereareflawsintheirpersonalitiestheyareneverthoseGothicvillainswhoareextremelysinisterortreacherous.Isabellawasbeautifulbutaselfishandpitifulyoungladywhoalwayswantedtomarryarichman.LikehissisterJohnThorpewasmerelyavulgarandimprudentyoungmanandwasalwaystryingtobehandsomeandgentle.TheonlybadthinghehasdonetoCatherinewastellingGeneralTilneythatCatherinewasnotatallrichsothattheGeneralangrilypushedCatherineoutofNorthangerAbbey.GeneralTilneywasamoney-drivenmanwithaverystrictsenseoffamilystatusandwantedallhischildrentomarryrichfamilies.ThesethreenegativecharacterswereneversetuporthreatenedortriedtomurderCatherinetheywerequiteunlikethoseviciousvillainsinGothicnovels.　　Catherine’sAdventures　　WehavediscussedthedifferencesofplotconstructionandcharacterizationbetweenNorthangerAbbeyandGothicnovelsintheprecedingchapter.Inthelastchapterwearegoingtotakeacloserlookattheheroine’sadventuresinNorthangerAbbeytheestateoftheTilneys’whichistheclimaxofthenovelandthroughwhichJaneAustenshowsustheabsurdnessofGothicnovelsandthesignificanceofreallife.　　I.OntheWaytoNorthangerAbbey　　DuringtheirjourneytoNorthangerAbbeyHenryTilneydeliberatelymakesfunofCatherine’sinnocentbeliefinGothicnovelsandsaystoher:“[a]ndareyoupreparedtoencounterallthehorrorsthatabuildingsuchas‘whatonereadsabout’mayproduceCHaveyouastoutheartCNervesfitforslidingpanelsandtapestry”178;ch.

20.HenryalsojokinglydescribessomehorriblescenestoCatherinesuchas“anapartmentneverusedsincesomecousinorkindiedinitabouttwentyyearsbefore”or“gloomychamber…withonlythefeebleraysofasinglelamp…wallshungwithtapestryexhibitingfiguresaslargeaslifeandthebedofdarkgreenstufforpurplevelvetpresentingevenafuneralappearance”179;ch.

20.InfactCatherineMorlandwasalreadyveryeagertotakeheradventuresintheabbeythoughshesaidtoHenrythatsheshouldn’tbeeasilyfrightenedandthoughttheabbeyhasneverbeeninhabitedandleftdesertedforyears.　　AstheydrewneartheabbeyCatherine’simpatienceforalookattheabbeygrewandinaordancewithhernovelreadingshethoughtNorthangerAbbeybyitsnameasaplacewith“massywallsofgreystonerisingamidstagroveofancientoakswiththelastbeamofthesunplayinginbeautifulsplendouronitshighGothicwindows”182;ch.

20.Buttoherdisappointmentthebuildingstandstoolowandevenwithoutanantiquechimneyforhertodiscern.What’smoreunlikethoseheroinesinGothicnovelsshejustpassesbetweenmodernlodgesand“alongasmoothlevelroadoffinegravelwithoutobstaclealarmorsolemnityofanykindstruckherasoddandinconsistent”183;ch.

20.GeneralTilneyEleanorHenry’ssisterarewaitingtoweleheronthehallandsheisshownintoamondrawing-roomwherethefurnitureisineleganceofmoderntasteandpanesofthepointedarchwhichCatherinehopedthemtobetheheavieststoneworkandpaintedglasswithdirtandcobwebsareonthecontrarylargeclearandlight.Theabbeyisjustamodernfamilyhousewithlargeandloftyhallbroadstaircaseofshiningoaklongwidegalleryect.andthepeopleareallsofriendlythatshecan’tfeelanyawfulfuturemiserythatwouldhappentoherselflikewhatthoseheroinesusuallyundergoinGothicnovels.Thedifferencebetweenherimaginationandtheabbey’srealconditionisverydistressingforCatherine.　　II.ThreeAdventuresinNorthangerAbbey　　AlthoughfeelingalittledisappointedatthefirstsightonNorthangerAbbeyoutofherimaginationCatherinewasdelightfultobereallyinanabbeyandbeganherimaginedGothicadventureswithherobservation.　　WhenshewasaloneinherapartmentCatherinefoundthatthewallsthefloorthewindowsandthefurniturewereallhandsomeandfortablewhichmadeheratease.Butshedecidedtolosenotimeinexamininganythingstrangeandshesuddenlynoticedalargehighchestthatwasstandingonthebackinadeeprecessofthefire-place.ThesightofthechestmadeCatherineforgeteverythingelseandshestoodstilljustgazingatitandwondering:“Thisisstrangeindeed!…Animmenseheavychest!CWhatcanitholdCWhyshoulditbeplacedhere…IwilllookintoitCcostmewhatitmay”187;ch.

21.Drivenbycuriositysheadvancedandexaminedthechestclosely.Thechestwasmadeofcedarinlaidwithsomedarkerwoodandraisedonacarvedstandofthesamewitharustysilverlockandbrokensilverhandles.Withtremblinghandsandgreatdifficultyaswellshefinallyraisedupthelidbuttoherastonishmenttherewasonlyawhitecottoncounterpanethatwas“properlyfoldedreposingatoneendofthechestinundisputedpossession”188;ch.

21.Catherinefeltblushedatthesightofitbutshedidn’tloseherheartformorefascinatingadventures.　　ThefirstnightinNorthangerAbbeywasstormythewindblewstronglythewholeafternoonanditrainedviolently.ThosecharacteristicsoundsbroughttoherthedreadfulsituationsandhorriblescenesinGothicnovelsandforthefirsttimeshefeltshewasreallyinanAbbey.ButCatherineknewthatshehadnothingtodreadfromortoexploreortosufferbecausethehousewas“sofurnishedandsoguarded”191;ch.

21.Howevershestilllookedaroundtheroomandcourageouslybutfearfullypeepedbehindeachcurtainhopingtoseesomeonesittingtheretoscareherorahandplacedagainsttheshutter.Howevertherewasnothing.Thenshewasthinkingtogotobed.Atthatmomentamysteriouscabiappearedandsuddenlycaptivatedhereyes.Itwasahighold-fashionedblackcabibeingplacedinaconspicuoussituationandthusescapedfromhernotice.Thecabiwithitskeyinthedoorarousedhergreatinterestandshecouldnotsleeptillshehadexaminedit.Catherineplacedthecandleonachairwithcautionandtriedtoturnthekey“withaverytremuloushand”192;ch.

21.Atfirstshethoughttherecouldbenothinginitandshedidfindnothingaftercheckingthedoublerangeofdrawers.Butlatershesurprisinglyfoundarollofpaperinsideasmalldoorinthecenterofthecabi.Atthatmoment“[her]heartflutteredherkneestrembledandhercheeksgrewpale”194;ch.21asshethoughtthatthepaperwassomepreciousmanuscriptandgraspedtightlyinherunsteadyhand.Asshesnuffedthecandleandwasabouttoreadthepaperthecandlesuddenlyextinguished.ForafewmomentsCatherinefeltawfulwithhorrorand“trembledfromheadtofoot”194;ch.

21.Shehastilyjumpedontobedandkeptwondering“howwasit[themanuscript]tobeaountedforCWhatcoulditcontainCtowhomcoulditrelate”195;ch.

21.Whenshewokeuponlytofindthatmanypaperswerejustwashing-billsshefelthumbledtothedust:“Nothingcouldnowbeclearerthantheabsurdityofherrecentfancies”197;ch.

22.　　AftertwoadventuresinvainCatherineseemedtobeealittlesober.HoweverwhensheheardaboutthedeathofHenryandEleanor’smotherandnoneofthethreechildrenwasathomeandonlyGeneralTilneywaswithMrs.TilneyherimaginationwhichwasheavilyinfluencedbyGothicnovelsbegantoexercise.ShethoughtGeneralTilneywasjustlikeMontonitheprototypicalGothicvillaininTheMysteriesofUdolphowhoimprisonedtheheroineEmilyandhiswifeMadameCheroninUdolphowithanattempttoacquiretheirfortune.CatherinebelievedthatGeneralTilneywascoldpitilessandcruel;andthathehadmurderedhiswifeandprobablyimprisonedherinsomehiddenchambersomewhereinNorthangerAbbey.SodespitetwofailuresbeforeCatherineoncemorefeltshockedandchilledatthethoughtoftheguiltysceneofmurderandimprisonment.Sherememberedthattherewasaforbiddengallerywherelaythedoors“ofwhichtheGeneralhadgivennoaount”217;ch.

23.ShethoughtfirmlythatunfortunateMrs.Tilney’sconfinementmustbeoneofthemandshewassoeagertoexaminethosemysteriousapartments.　　OnemorningtheGeneral’searlywalkhasprovidedCatherineafavorabletimewhensheproposedtoMissTilneytoshowhermother’sportraitandapartment.Butwhentheywerejustabouttoturnthelockwithfearfulcaution“thedreadedfigure”221;ch.23ofGeneralTilneyhimselfsuddenlystoodbeforethemandheloudlyandangrilyorderedEleanortoewithhimleavingCatherinestayinherownroomforsafety.Asabravereflectionofthemorning’sexperienceCatherinebecameresolutetomakeherseconddetectionontheforbiddendooralonebecauseshethought“theexaminationitselfwouldbemoresatisfactoryifmadewithoutanypanion”222;ch.

23.Shewasfinallyaloneandgotthetimetocarryoutheradventure.Shequietlyslippedthroughthefoldingdoorsandtip-toedintotheroom;beforeherwas“alargewell-proportionedapartment”223;ch.24warmandneatlikethemostfortableapartmentinthehousewithnothingextraordinaryanywherebutancientgloomyandawfulplaceforimprisonment.Catherinefeltasenseofbitteremotionsofshameandherheartwassickofitsfolly.What’sworseHenryjustcamebackatthatmomentandsurprisinglyranacrossherinhismother’sroom.OnhearingCatherine’ssuspicionofhismother’sdeathHenryangrilyandfirmlyinformedherthatMrs.TilneydiedofasuddenmaladyafterbeingcarefullytreatedbyarespectablephysicianandthathisfatherGeneralTilneylovedhiswifesincerelyinhisownwayandwasgreatlyafflictedbyherdeath.BeingcriticizedbyHenryforherwildandridiculousideasCatherinethenfeltextremelydepressedandranintoherroomwithtearsofshame.　　III.Catherine’sComingbacktoReality　　BeforeingintoNorthangerAbbeyCatherinethoughtitmightbeahauntedplacefullofhorroranddangerbutafterherthreeso-called“Gothicadventures”wereallprovedinvainandwasmildlycriticizedbybelovedHenryshefinallyrealizedhowfoolishshehadbeenandcametobelievethatthecontentsofthoseGothicnovelshavenothingtodowithhumanbeing’severydaylife.HereJaneAustenshowshersatireonGothicnovelsandhersarcasmmaybeillustratedmuchmoreclearlythroughHenry’swords:　　DearMissMorlandconsiderthedreadfulnatureofthesuspicionsyouhaveentertained.WhatyouhavebeenjudgingfromRememberthecountryandtheageinwhichwelive.RememberthatweareEnglishthatweareChristians.Consultyourownunderstandingyourownsenseoftheprobableyourownobservationofwhatispassingaroundyou―DoesoureducationprepareusforsuchatrocitiesDoourlawsconniveatthemCouldtheybeperpetratedwithoutbeingknowninacountrylikethiswheresocialandliteraryintercourseisonsuchafooting;whereeverymanissurroundedbyaneighbourhoodofvoluntaryspiesandwhereroadsandnewspaperslayeverythingopen228-229;ch.24　　WemayseeHenryasthespokesmanofJaneAustenandhiswordsasAusten’santi-GothicmanifestototheprevailingGothicnovelsandhermockeryattheirabsurdityandremotenessfromourdailylifeandthedangersresultedfromGothic-craze.　　InconclusionitisobviousthatNorthangerAbbeyshowsJaneAusten’santi-GothicismbyherparodyoftheplotcharacterizationandadventureoftheprevailingGothicnovelsinhertimes.InNorthangerAbbeyAustendeliberatelyimitatestheGothicformatofplotarrangementthecharacterizationandthedescriptionofheroine’sadventuresbutmakesthemverydifferentortheoppositetothoseintheGothicfictioninherownstyle.TheheroineCatherineMorlandiswhatsheisnotneitherbeautifulnordestinedforafantasticfateandhercrazyloveforGothicnovelsinparticularmakesherthetypicalrepresentativeoftheordinaryreaders.Catherinewasatfirstaninnocentandsimple-mindedgirlbutafterreadingTheMysteriesofUdolphoandmanyotherGothicnovelsintroducedbyIsabellaThorpeshetookNorthangerAbbeyastheimaginedUdolpho.AttheabbeyCatherinehadherimaginedGothicadventuresandundergonesomeunpleasantexperiencesresultedfromherridiculousadventures.FortunatelyshefinallylearntherlessonandgotoutofherGothicillusionsandshehasindeedbeethetrueheroinebytheendofthestory.Throughtheheroine’sbacktoreallifeAustenshowsusthedangerousandridiculousconfusionbetweenordinarylifeandGothicimaginationandtheimportanceofbeingrealisticandreasonable.　　Austen-LeighJamesEdward.AMemoirofJaneAusten.Oxford:ClarendonP

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